%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Bertrand D. Lequeux, Miguel-Angel Ahumada-Sempoal, Andrés López-Pérez, Cristóbal Reyes-Hernández
Coral connectivity between equatorial eastern Pacific marine protected areas: A biophysical modeling approach
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 12 0 R/Contents 13 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
12 0 obj
[14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R]
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref001)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref002)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref003)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref004)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref008)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref009)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref010)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref017)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref012)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref018)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref019)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref010)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref017)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref020)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref022)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref020)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref023)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref027)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref028)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref029)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0202995.ref030)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 36 0 R>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>
endobj
13 0 obj
[37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R]
endobj
37 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
390.7843 693.2976 m
395.5465 693.2976 l
h
f*
399.9685 693.2976 m
404.7307 693.2976 l
h
f*
438.2362 667.3323 m
442.9984 667.3323 l
h
f*
366.8031 654.3496 m
371.5654 654.3496 l
h
f*
376.7244 654.3496 m
381.4866 654.3496 l
h
f*
438.2929 628.3276 m
443.0551 628.3276 l
h
f*
430.2425 563.3008 m
439.7669 563.3008 l
h
f*
444.926 563.3008 m
454.4504 563.3008 l
h
f*
310.8472 485.348 m
320.3717 485.348 l
h
f*
392.315 433.3039 m
401.8394 433.3039 l
h
f*
203.4142 394.2992 m
212.9386 394.2992 l
h
f*
373.1528 381.3165 m
382.6772 381.3165 l
h
f*
387.8362 381.3165 m
397.3606 381.3165 l
h
f*
550.3748 368.3339 m
559.8992 368.3339 l
h
f*
200.0126 355.3512 m
209.537 355.3512 l
h
f*
316.3465 355.3512 m
325.8709 355.3512 l
h
f*
330.2929 355.3512 m
339.8173 355.3512 l
h
f*
344.9764 355.3512 m
354.5008 355.3512 l
h
f*
453.7701 159.9307 m
463.2945 159.9307 l
h
f*
409.7764 120.926 m
419.3008 120.926 l
h
f*
481.4362 81.9213 m
490.9606 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(conditions,)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(short-term)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(variability)Tj
4.2236 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(sea)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(long-term)Tj
4.252 0 Td
(temperature)Tj
5.125 0 Td
(excur-)Tj
-33.681 -1.3039 Td
(sions)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(accompanying)Tj
6.0661 0 Td
(El)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Ni)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
(o/La)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(Ni)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
(a)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(episodes)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2586 0 Td
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(addition,)Tj
3.821 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(nutrient)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(pulses)Tj
-33.4032 -1.2982 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(seasonal)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(upwelling,)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(strong)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(turbulent)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(vertical)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(mixing)Tj
3.0558 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(entrainment)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(subsurface)Tj
-31.7138 -1.2983 Td
(water)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(layer)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(driven)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(mountain)Tj
4.1725 0 Td
(gap-winds)Tj
4.3767 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Low)Tj
1.9503 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(variable)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(values)Tj
-33.6243 -1.2983 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7042 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.5966 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(synergy)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(harsh)Tj
2.4377 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
-29.9846 -1.3039 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.473 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(accommodation)Tj
6.7351 0 Td
(space)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(restricted)Tj
3.9855 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(production)Tj
4.7169 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(skeletal)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(calcium)Tj
-32.8533 -1.2982 Td
(carbonate,)Tj
4.3936 0 Td
(resulting)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(small,)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(patchy)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(reefs)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(prone)Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(erosion)Tj
3.2032 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-22.2915 -1.2983 Td
(After)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(mild)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(severe)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(anthropogenic)Tj
6.0547 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(natural)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(disturbances,)Tj
5.4936 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(recovery)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(reefs)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.0564 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(eastern)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(proceeded)Tj
4.3653 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(variable)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(pace)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(paths.)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(Reef)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(recovery)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(is)Tj
-35.4441 -1.2983 Td
(closely)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(related)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(type)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(disturbance,)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(reef)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(characteristics,)Tj
6.1285 0 Td
(connectivity,)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.0098 -1.2983 Td
(anthropogenic)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(influences)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(implementation)Tj
6.6387 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(strategies,)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(law)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(enforcement,)Tj
-32.0029 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(establishment)Tj
5.7373 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(protected)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(\(MPAs\))Tj
3.3958 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-21.4864 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(Marine)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(Conservation)Tj
5.6012 0 Td
(Corridor)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Eastern)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(Tropical)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(\(MCCETP\),)Tj
5.0853 0 Td
(formally)Tj
-32.8249 -1.2983 Td
(established)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(2004,)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(instrument)Tj
4.6828 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(sustainable)Tj
4.6261 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(biological)Tj
-33.3068 -1.3039 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(equatorial)Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(eastern)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(region.)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(offshore)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(Costa)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(Rica)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(\(Cocos)Tj
-32.241 -1.2983 Td
(Island\),)Tj
3.2428 0 Td
(Panama)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(\(Coiba)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(Island\),)Tj
3.2429 0 Td
(Colombia)Tj
4.1725 0 Td
(\(Malpelo)Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(Island)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Gorgona)Tj
3.7643 0 Td
(Island\))Tj
3.0218 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Ecuador)Tj
-33.7944 -1.2982 Td
(\(Galapagos)Tj
4.6714 0 Td
(Islands\))Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(support)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(robust)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(communities)Tj
5.4822 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(chosen)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(critical)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(nodes)Tj
2.5909 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.2684 -1.2983 Td
(marine)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(dispersal)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(pathways)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7859 0 Td
(MCCETP)Tj
4.1782 0 Td
(represents)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(international)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(effort)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(promote)Tj
-33.1367 -1.3039 Td
(long-term)Tj
4.2462 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3688 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(equatorial)Tj
4.235 0 Td
(eastern)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(region.)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(How-)Tj
-34.2876 -1.2983 Td
(ever,)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(still)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(unknown)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(Cocos,)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(Coiba,)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(Malpelo,)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(Gorgona,)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Galapa-)Tj
-33.9985 -1.2983 Td
(gos)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(islands\))Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(MCCETP)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(form)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(well-connected)Tj
6.2929 0 Td
(network,)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(expected)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
-36.4306 -1.3039 Td
(functionally)Tj
5.0059 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(effective)Tj
3.5149 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.024 0 Td
(isolated)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(guarantee)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(long-term)Tj
4.2519 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
-31.6344 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(biodiversity.)Tj
-2.9026 -1.2983 Td
(Connectivity,)Tj
5.6012 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(dispersal)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(individuals)Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(subpopulation)Tj
5.9867 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(another)Tj
-32.8193 -1.3039 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(relevant)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7881 0 Td
(protects)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(biodiversity,)Tj
5.1534 0 Td
(increases)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(resilience)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(reef)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(ecosystems)Tj
4.6545 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.1232 -1.2983 Td
(enhances)Tj
3.9117 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(recovery)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(disturbances)Tj
5.2724 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(Different)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(currently)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(being)Tj
-33.4032 -1.2983 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(assess)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(connectivity)Tj
5.1363 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(corals,)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(addressing)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(gene)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(flow)Tj
1.9446 0 Td
(among)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-34.6958 -1.2982 Td
(22)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.508 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(biophysical)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(modeling)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(23)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(empirical)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(relatively)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(expensive)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.9544 -1.3039 Td
(require)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(intensive)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(sampling,)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(biophysical)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(modeling)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(offers)Tj
2.4547 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(possibility)Tj
4.269 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(connectiv-)Tj
-32.8703 -1.2983 Td
(ity)Tj
1.2358 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(corals)Tj
2.5569 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(means)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(tracking)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(numerous)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(virtual)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(larvae)Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(wide)Tj
2.1147 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(spatio-temporal)Tj
-31.2432 -1.2983 Td
(scales)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(scenarios.)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(work)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(assesses)Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(connectivity)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(among)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(30)Tj
-34.8262 -1.3039 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(\(including)Tj
4.3824 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(five)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(MCCETP\))Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(harboring)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(coral)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(reefs)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(equatorial)Tj
-32.7286 -1.2982 Td
(eastern)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(region)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(biophysical)Tj
4.7282 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Lagrangian)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(particle-tracking)Tj
6.8598 0 Td
(algorithm)Tj
-33.2218 -1.2983 Td
(coupled)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(ocean-circulation)Tj
7.217 0 Td
(numerical)Tj
4.2859 0 Td
(model\).)Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(aims)Tj
2.1032 0 Td
(to:)Tj
1.253 0 Td
(a\))Tj
0.9921 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(extent)Tj
-34.8885 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(connectivity)Tj
5.1364 0 Td
(among)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(across)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(equatorial)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(eastern)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(region;)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(b\))Tj
1.0715 0 Td
(evaluate)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(the)Tj
-33.7604 -1.2983 Td
(major)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(spatial)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(connectivity)Tj
5.1364 0 Td
(patterns;)Tj
3.6963 0 Td
(c\))Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(determine)Tj
4.3257 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(importance)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(site)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(pathway)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.7389 -1.2983 Td
(local)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(regional)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(connectivity;)Tj
5.3575 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(d\))Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(suggest)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(might)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(prioritized)Tj
4.4504 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-35.2797 -1.3039 Td
(servation)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(efforts)Tj
2.7552 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(region.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 195.9874 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
-6.4961 -1.4976 Td
(Hydrodynamic)Tj
6.515 0 Td
(model)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 161.0078 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(Regional)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(Ocean)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(Modeling)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(System)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(\(ROMS_AGRIF)Tj
6.6841 0 Td
(v3.1.1\))Tj
2.8913 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(simulate)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.2684 -1.2982 Td
(ocean)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(circulation)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(equatorial)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(eastern)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(region.)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8617 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(free-surface,)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(primitive)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(equa-)Tj
-34.2196 -1.3039 Td
(tions)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(model,)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(discretized)Tj
4.5241 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(terrain-following)Tj
7.0412 0 Td
(vertical)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(orthogonal)Tj
4.6317 0 Td
(curvilinear)Tj
4.5525 0 Td
(horizontal)Tj
-31.8272 -1.2983 Td
(coordinates)Tj
4.8868 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(high-order)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(numerical)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(algorithms)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(computational)Tj
6.0434 0 Td
(domain)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(covers)Tj
-33.8681 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(region)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(4S-18N)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(76114W)Tj
4.473 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(resolution)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(1/12)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(\(~9)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(km\))Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(horizontal)Tj
-32.9383 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(32)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(sigma)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(layers)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(vertical.)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(grid,)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(atmospheric)Tj
5.1703 0 Td
(forcing,)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(initial)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(open)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(lat-)Tj
-35.4328 -1.2982 Td
(eral)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(boundary)Tj
4.0988 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(built)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(ROMSTOOLS)Tj
6.0718 0 Td
(package)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(model)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 312.1511 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Coral)Tj
2.5653 0 Td
(connect)Tj
3.4371 0 Td
(ivity)Tj
1.9134 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(equatorial)Tj
4.5213 0 Td
(eastern)Tj
3.4937 0 Td
(Pacific)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.2174 0 Td
(protected)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(areas)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.02029)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(95)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(August)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(29,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.0302 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
39 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
40 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(16)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 61 0 R/Contents 62 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
JFIF C
$, !$4.763.22:ASF:=N>22HbINVX]^]8EfmeZlS[]Y C**Y;2;YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY mZ"
} !1AQa"q2#BR$3br
%&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz
w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr
$4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? (
(
(
(
(
(
uUV$ܠ=tUkuk$Hߐhߖ_ʏ-?Q"@LРiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiSiR!I$rpxUڛ{8'sR~ u~Zq*ǨiK(NC0CME >TbW,侎(ɘx9
-?Zq*u -?Zq*u -?Zq*u -?Zq*u -?Zq*ufKxR1qCr9-?ci>*Zq*